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Research has shown that at any point in time depending on the definition used (self-diagnosis or functional diagnosis), constipation affects between 1 in 6 to 1 in 10 people globally. Constipation most commonly occurs when stool movements are too slow within the colon and thus cannot be eliminated via the rectum resulting in hardening of the stools.
Diarrhea is defined as passing three or more loose or watery stools a day. It isn’t something patients like to discuss, much less have because of the accompanying consequences which impede their quality of life (bloating, gassy, and urgency of stool passage).
The subject of defecation (pooping) is an uncomfortable and embarrassing topic for most patients when asked by a physician. It is advised for patients to open up and share this information as clues may be missed by the physician in establishing a proper diagnosis. In this short article, I will point out what normal/and abnormal stools consist of in terms of color, shape, firmness, and various other characteristics that should be communicated by the patient to aid physicians in making a diagnosis.
Gastric and duodenal peptic ulcers are the cyclical appearance of peptic ulcers in the stomach or duodenum. Peptic ulcer is a defect of the mucosa accompanied by inflammatory infiltration and necrosis. In most cases, the location of the ulcer is the duodenal bulb and stomach, although they can also occur in the lower esophagus and duodenal loop.
