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Stroke Overview: Causes and types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
Cardiovascular Diseases

Stroke Overview: Causes and types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

A "brain attack" also known as a stroke develops when blood flow to the brain tissue is blocked. Brain hypoxia (low levels of oxygen distribution in the tissues) develops in many ways which we will discuss below. In this instance, time is of the essence as brain cells die rather quickly. The prevalence of stroke is placed as the second leading cause of death worldwide, thus making it an important topic of discussion.

Obesity epidemic: causes, signs, symptoms, and complications
Diseases

Obesity epidemic: causes, signs, symptoms, and complications

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial illness affecting people of all age groups. An individual is diagnosed as obese (by measuring their BMI -Body Mass Index) when their weight is much higher than what is considered normal/healthy. It should be noted that the BMI test itself is flawed as it does not take various factors into consideration (body composition i.e., muscle mass, sex, age, and ethnic background) thus the physician must take a complete look at a patient even after getting the BMI results. Obesity presents as one of the leading threats to early death worldwide. The prevalence of obesity stands at 38.9% worldwide.

Overview of pelvic inflammatory disease
Female Reproductive System Diseases

Overview of pelvic inflammatory disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease or PID is an inflammatory process of the reproductive organs in women. PID most commonly results from bacterial infections acquired during intercourse, mainly chlamydia, and gonorrhea. At other times, it can result from bacteria entering the uterus during instances when the cervical barrier is disturbed (i.e., after abortion, miscarriage, or childbirth). The disease results from what we call an "ascending" infection thus spreading from the lower genitalia (i.e., vagina) to the upper genitalia (i.e., Uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries).

Overview of cystitis
Female Reproductive System Diseases

Overview of cystitis

Cystitis is the term used to describe bladder inflammation. The main cause of bladder inflammation is a bacterial infection. The following can be classified as the following: simple urinary tract infection (UTI) which occurs in healthy men and non-pregnant women; or complicated UTI which is associated with risk (i.e., antibiotic failure). Cystitis can also be induced by non-infectious factors (i.e., medication).

Menstrual abnormalities: causes, diagnosis, and treatments
Female Reproductive System Diseases

Menstrual abnormalities: causes, diagnosis, and treatments

Menstrual cycles differ from woman to woman. Many causes come into play when it comes to menstrual cycle abnormalities. Menstrual anomalies are among the most common cause of gynecological consultations with a global prevalence of 30-70% in women of childbearing age. This short article will briefly discuss the common causes, the associated symptoms, what diagnostic tools are used, and how to treat them.

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